T-cell receptors (TCRs) are crucial components of T cell immunity, enabling the detection and subsequent elimination of abnormal, cancerous and infected cells. Dysfunctional T cell receptor signaling can lead to various immune deficiency or autoimmune diseases. In cancer treatment the study and modification of T cell receptor signaling is important for CAR-T cell therapy as well as modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Modulating T cell activation can be important to avoid rejection of organ or stem cell transplants by the immune response.
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Cancer is often characterized by dysregulation in cellular pathways and the checkpoints which control cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Within the genome there are two types of genes which carefully control cell proliferation and cell death, which are often the driving force behind oncogenesis.
mTOR, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, sits at the center of a signaling network that coordinates cell growth based on environmental cues and plays an integral role in both cellular and organismal physiology.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the abnormal cell growth starting in the lining of the large intestine or rectum
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of evolutionarily ancient Patten Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that rapidly detect microbial infection and stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory and antiviral cytokines and chemokines, as well as initiating significant metabolic shifts within the cell. Acting as cellular sentinels for infectious threats, signalling downstream of TLRs sets the stage for successful development of adaptive immunity 1.
The adherens junction (AJ), with the core cadherin-catenin complex, is an integral system of cell-cell adhesion. The AJ works to anchor the actin cytoskeleton intracellularly to the plasma membrane while simultaneously linking individual cells through extracellular interactions.
When making a knockout cell line using CRISPR, western blotting is a useful tool to help in the verification of the cell line. However, correct interpretation of results is crucial. Here we summarize the possible fates of a protein after knockout and explore how best to validate a knockout cell line
Detecting proteins with confidence starts with antibody validation. Here, we've outlined the key points.
Review of publications using HAP1 cells to set up validation assays beyond the typical western blot.
CRISPR-edited cell lines are a useful tool to validate your antibodies before you start an experiment. They ensure you are using high quality reagents, so you can be confident in your results. Here we explain how you can use our edited cell lines for validation, the challenges to be aware of and how we can help you overcome them.